giảm nhiệt
Verb:
- To reduce heat / to cool down: The primary meaning of "giảm nhiệt" is to lower the temperature of an object, substance, or environment.
- To reduce fever: In a medical context, it specifically means to lower a patient's body temperature, to alleviate a fever.
- To de-escalate / to cool down: In figurative use, it means to reduce tension, intensity, or excitement in a situation, discussion, or conflict.
Noun:
- Cooling / reduction of heat: The act or process of making something less hot.
- Hypothermia: A specific medical term (as noted in the reference) for a dangerous drop in body temperature. However, in common Vietnamese medical usage, "giảm nhiệt" is more actively used to mean the action of reducing fever, while "hạ thân nhiệt" is closer to the condition of hypothermia.
Verb (literal):
- Quạt máy giúp giảm nhiệt trong phòng. (The fan helps to cool down the room.)
- Thuốc này dùng để giảm nhiệt cho trẻ bị sốt. (This medicine is used to reduce fever for children with a high temperature.)
Verb (figurative):
- Hai bên cần giảm nhiệt cuộc tranh cãi. (Both sides need to de-escalate the argument.)
- Bài phát biểu của ông ấy đã giảm nhiệt căng thẳng chính trị. (His speech cooled down the political tension.)
"giảm nhiệt độ": A more formal or explicit variant meaning "to lower the temperature."
- Công nghệ mới giúp giảm nhiệt độ lõi lò phản ứng. (The new technology helps lower the reactor core's temperature.)
Used in technical contexts like engineering ("hệ thống giảm nhiệt" - cooling system) or computing ("tản nhiệt" is more common for heat dissipation, but "giảm nhiệt" can be used in general descriptions).
Hạ sốt (v): To reduce fever. This is a very common synonym in medical contexts.
- Bác sĩ kê đơn thuốc hạ sốt. (The doctor prescribed fever-reducing medicine.)
Làm nguội (v): To cool down (an object). More focused on the physical process.
- Để bánh làm nguội trước khi cắt. (Let the cake cool down before cutting.)
Hạ nhiệt (v/n): A near-synonym meaning to cool down or cooling. Often used interchangeably with "giảm nhiệt" in both literal and figurative senses.
- Cool down: To become or make something less hot.
- Reduce fever: To lower body temperature medically.
- De-escalate: To reduce the intensity of a conflict or crisis.
Giảm nhiệt dư luận: To calm public opinion.
- Chính phủ tìm cách giảm nhiệt dư luận về vụ bê bối. (The government seeks ways to cool down public opinion about the scandal.)
While not a standalone idiom, "giảm nhiệt" is frequently used in news headlines about conflicts, negotiations, or heated debates to indicate a calming of the situation.